Chemical variations in prostate cancer calcifications analyzed to identify new diagnostic markers

Researchers at Keele University have published the first investigation into the variation in the chemical makeup of calcifications caused by prostate cancer, in the hope of identifying new markers to improve early diagnosis.

Calcification refers to a buildup of calcium deposits in the body’s soft tissues where it doesn’t normally belong, like muscles or organs, which can cause adverse effects.

The researchers have previously shown how calcifications could be a potential indicator of prostate cancer, and this study expands on that research by looking further into the elements that make up these calcifications.

Their goal is to eventually develop new markers for potential prostate cancer, based on the elements present, which would help doctors to identify the disease more quickly and easily.

Doing this would give patients a stronger chance of recovery by allowing doctors to tailor their treatment plan according to how severe (or mild) their disease is, as well as reducing the need for extreme treatments like surgery where this is avoidable.

In this study, the researchers used the Diamond Light Source synchrotron in Oxford to examine calcified prostate tissue in extraordinary detail, right down to the elements the calcifications are made up of.

Publishing their findings in the journal ACS Chemical & Biomedical Imaging, the researchers found there were links between the severity of the tumor (known as its Grade Group classification) and the presence of elements like iron, copper, nickel, manganese, and chromium, meaning these could be potential markers for doctors to look out for in the future.

Dr. Sarah Gosling, co-lead author of the paper, said, “Investigating the chemical makeup of different parts of prostate tissue can help us understand how and why cancers form, and help us to develop new methods for identifying prostate cancer earlier, ultimately improving patient outcomes.”

Dr. Charlene Greenwood, principal investigator, co-lead author and Senior Lecturer, added, “For the first time in prostate tissue, we’ve been able to look closely at what these tiny calcium deposits are made of, and we’ve found that certain elements seem to be linked to how aggressive the cancer is. That’s really exciting because it means we might be able to use these elements as early warning signs.

“The hope is that this research will lead to better ways to spot prostate cancer earlier and help doctors decide on the best treatment for each patient, potentially avoiding more invasive procedures.”